Casting Silver Bars – Things You Ought To Know
Silver is used in various applications ranging from tableware, coins and jewelry to photo processing and electronic gadget components. Generally, all finished products such as jewelries and coins begin their existence from casted silver bars. These bars of silver are manufactured and sold by refining companies to silversmiths according to weights and purity. Casting is the process which mined silver nuggets and/or scrap silver is melted and poured into prepared molds to form silver bars. Apparently, there are many techniques in casting silver bars and each are used for its specific advantage. Some of them are simple and can be done in a small workshop using basic tools while others are quite complex and need technical knowledge to utilize properly.
The open casting method is the most fundamental method. This method is similar to making gelatin dessert or ice cubes. The scrap silver or silver nuggets are put in a carrying crucible and heated in high temperature in an induction furnace. Once the silver turns to liquid, it is then poured in molds, covered to avoid shrinkage and absorption of oxygen, and allowed to cool to solidify.
Closed casting on the other hand is done by pouring molten silver in a closed mould using a gating system and then closed to allow the silver to cool and harden. At times, water is used to accelerate hardening of the mould. This is one of the most widely used procedure in creating silver bars.
The vacuum pressure casting is often used and it uses a sophisticated machine for the sole purpose of casting silver. The initial procedure of liquefying silver is similar with other methods but the sequence of pouring molten silver in the mold is automatic and dependent on the machine’s specification. The advantage of vacuum pressure casting machine is reflected on the quality of the product it produces. This machine is usually utilized in making fine silver bars and coins that have delicate designs.
Usually, molds used in casting silver are made from stainless steel materials. This material may last a lifetime but is quite expensive and is generally used for large scale production of silver bars. An alternative material used by many small scale manufacturers is graphite and ceramic. Graphite or ceramic mold, although may last only after a few rounds cost far cheaper than stainless steel mold. They are also commonly used by big manufacturers as test molds before making a final mold of stainless steel.
In 2008, more refineries are utilizing open cast methods in making silver bars. This was due to safety and health concerns brought up by the London Bullion Market Association. The organization also insisted that only open-cast silver bars will be accepted as London Good Delivery starting from January 1, 2008. According to the organization, silver bars produced by closed-casting (or gated molds) have sharp edges on the part where the sprue was removed; this pose as a problem when handling. The method of pouring water to accelerate the cooling of the mold also produces some cavities on the bar that could trap water inside. The trapped water within the silver bars may cause a very dangerous steam when the bar is remelted and may sometimes cause a molten metal explosion.
Besides the open-cast method in making silver bars, the LBMA also implemented some fundamental requirements in order for a refinery to gain the accreditation of London Good Delivery. Along with the requirements is the overall appearance of silver bar. This means, no surface cavities, excessive shrinkage and bubbles; and the bar must have no sharp edges for easy handling, and can be stacked safely.
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